Introduction
New Dramatists
Since 1949, when it was founded by a group of Broadway playwrights, New Dramatists has been one of the country’s leading playwright centers, boasting among its 600 alumni many of the most distinguished playwrights working in the field. Located in the heart of Manhattan’s theater district, New Dramatists supports a community of 50 emerging and mid-career playwrights, offering unprecedented seven-year residencies and full access to its facility.
The Innovation
New Dramatists transformed the role of their resident playwrights from being served by the staff to co-creating their own residency experience.
Starting Conditions
New Dramatists describes itself as an artistic place defined by playwrights where writers have total freedom. Yet as staff discussed applying to the Innovation Lab, there was something gnawing at the edges of this commitment. The formlessness of it meant that staff was always saying, ‘let us know,’ and no one was letting them know.
This led London to wonder whether there was a downside to the organization’s service culture. He asked:
- Did open-endedness sometimes shut down creativity?
- Might some structure provide better support and guidance?
- Would having expectations of writers help them take better advantage of the resources New Dramatists was giving them?
- Could clearer expectations strengthen playwrights’ participation in and contributions to the New Dramatists community?
Hoping to answer these questions, New Dramatists entered the Innovation Lab.
Process
The Innovation Lab for the Performing Arts
New Dramatists was accepted into Round 6 of the EmcArts’ Innovation Lab for the Performing Arts and started the program in March 2011. The Innovation Lab is a three-phase program that provides a strong framework in which new strategies can be explored and prototyped in relatively low-stakes environments before a full launch. Read more about the Innovation Labor for the Performing Arts.
Transformative Moments
Skeptical of consultants and concerned about keeping their large community inside the process, just putting together the Innovation Team proved challenging, but with EmcArts facilitator John McCann’s help, the organization assembled a representative Team of staff, playwrights, and Board members. McCann worried, however, about the Team dynamic. Overly dependent on outside facilitation, the Team had trouble sorting out group hierarchies.
The Intensive proved to be transformational for individual Team members and went a long way toward cementing better communication. Playwright Lucy Thurber and writer/Board member Gordon Dahlquist say their work with EmcArts facilitator Phil McArthur was a defining moment. London agrees that MacArthur’s work was powerful. “We have a culture of inquiry at New Dramatists,” he says, “and we are always asking playwrights what they need. Phil taught me the difference between advocacy and inquiry, and I learned there’s a time to ask questions and a time to be an advocate. As staff, we don’t want to lead the writers’ process, but we have professional opinions, and that’s okay.”
Shifts in Assumptions
While they had been talking for some time about setting requirements for playwrights—even incorporating expectations into the residency agreement—they anticipated resistance from writers who, they believed, valued freedom above all else. The surveys the Team conducted in Phase I of the Lab “blew apart this assumption,” says McCann. Writers said what they wanted most was more time with each other.
As their assumptions about the relative value of freedom began to shift, the Team realized something else: Their nurturing, almost paternalistic, approach to writers—which they assumed was key to enabling creativity and building a strong community—was sometimes actually working against them. “The answer,” says Thurber, “wasn’t to give playwrights more but to ask more of playwrights. This would be a good thing, and playwrights would really respond.”
Another long-held assumption was that conflict was always undesirable. Living with this assumption meant that New Dramatists as a community often veered away from potentially controversy, often speeding too quickly toward agreement, rather than finding ways to work through differences. Abandoning the assumption enabled the New Dramatists Team to think about managing resistance and conflict to create break-through thinking. It was a skill they would put to good use when they returned home from the Intensive.
The Prototype
During the Lab’s prototyping phase, New Dramatists made a number of changes to its writing spaces. A meeting room, previously equipped with a single large table that accommodated only one writer, was outfitted with office furniture to create three new writing spaces. Another room is being remade into a café-like environment to serve another five writers, with old computers removed to make space for laptops, and three overnight residence rooms have been furnished with writing lamps and desk supplies and made available during the daytime. Finally, New Dramatists created two additional spaces for writers in the library.
In all, New Dramatists created 13 new writing spaces. London says, “This small change cost us almost nothing, but it has changed the way the community interacts. Now we have four or five writers in the building every day. It has never been that way.” Thurber agrees, saying she gets “excited about going in to write.” Dahlquist, too, marvels at the difference. “We were so proud of our writers studio—it was the first thing we renovated 12 years ago—but it never occurred to us that people wouldn’t want to write in there. Now it’s great.”
With funds from the Lab, New Dramatists also reconfigured its performance space to focus on workshop and development rather than presentation. Based on recommendations from a team of staff and playwrights, New Dramatists removed fixed seating to create a larger, more flexible room. Now the space is more utilitarian, and within a year will have retractable seating, lighting, storage and a basic sound system.
Obstacles and Enablers
The biggest challenge for New Dramatists was transferring the Team’s work in the Lab to the entire organization, and members wondered how they were going to engage playwrights in “a massive and unruly process.” They started with the Writers Executive Committee, a volunteer guiding group of 20 people. Thurber confesses, “It got a little heated because we were so steeped in it. We were way ahead of them in the amount of processing we’d done, and we had two hours to catch them up to everything we’d done in a week.” There was vigorous questioning from playwrights about how “giving back” would impinge on their freedom. “But,” Thurber says, “we told them we didn’t want to eliminate their freedom, but put some structure around it to make their experience more valuable.” The Team’s advocacy won over the Executive Committee.
The next hurdle, however, was much bigger—a meeting of all New Dramatists writers. A group of playwrights from the Executive Committee volunteered to serve as leaders for topical discussions at the All Writers Meeting. This was extremely powerful, says Thurber. “Because we were able to talk through everything at the Executive Committee, they could communicate to the All Writers group. That was so much better than us doing it because they had internalized everything. What we hoped would happen actually happened.”
The result was astonishing. According to London, “Everybody blew out of there incredibly energized. We had about 15 writers who volunteered to take charge of specific areas, so all of a sudden we had these teams or pods ready to work. Our only problem was figuring out how to harness all that energy.” Thurber believes they were successful because they used what they learned in the Lab about structure and process. “The questions were really questions we’d posed before, and we’d broken into groups before,” she says, “but this time we came with a framework and structure to enable action.”
Impact
New Pathways to Mission
Before the Lab, there was little reciprocity between New Dramatists playwrights and staff. Playwrights worked, and staff supported them. Today, that dynamic is changing. With funds from the Lab, New Dramatists made physical changes to its building to improve workshop and performance space, accommodate more playwrights writing onsite, and promote interaction among playwrights and staff.
New Dramatists also changed the way it implements artistic initiatives. Writers, for example are taking over specific projects, and while a staff member is assigned to support them, playwrights take the lead. London says the new structure is working. “Now we don’t just sit around and talk about what we wish. We figure out how to make it work, create a structure for it, and then set certain guideposts to measure progress.”
Impact
Changing the dynamic between the organization and the playwrights has had immeasurable impact on New Dramatists in terms of the organization’s ability to move discussions from a broad value proposition to concrete action. For Thurber, the difference is her ability to facilitate a process. “The most important thing for me,” she says, “was setting expectations. I was able to say, ‘these are things we want, things we believe, so what is the course of action to match that belief?’ Employing that process was really revolutionary for me.”
Dahlquist notes another subtle impact. “There was something really crucial about the way we reconfigured our community and our empowerment of playwrights in relation to staff. It’s a model for how playwright relationships exist in theater.” Thurber echoes this sentiment, saying the new way of working “changes how we see ourselves as writers—how we work with actors, designers, directors, etc. Coming out of the Lab and watching how the experience genuinely filters through our community has been transformative for me. It’s made me a better collaborator.”
Staff capacity is the biggest challenge for New Dramatists. “We’ve dedicated ourselves to flexibility, to treating each writer as an individual, to rethinking and redoing this, to thinking of ourselves as a community based on consenses,” says London, “and that’s really challenging.” But London encourages others to fight the temptation to do things the same way. The easiest way to avoid burnout,” he says, “is to just do what you’ve always done, but that won’t get you anywhere.” Capacity, London adds, is most often defined by how much staff time or money is allocated to a project or goal, but through its Lab experience, New Dramatists succeeded in looking at capacity as “an internal shift in paradigm or perspective.”
This adjustment has had a significant impact on New Dramatists. The Team says, “We pride ourselves on creating a hospitable, welcoming environment for writers, and we have adopted an attitude of service. Responsiveness is a core value. Yet the emphasis on responsiveness can cause everything to have an equal weight, dissipating our focus and making us feel over-extended and unable to meet all demands. Now we are putting greater emphasis on making progress than on being responsive.”